(Fontsets): Mention fontset-default, font specs and fallback fontsets.
(Defining Fontsets): Mention ns and w32 variants of standard-fontset-spec. Update description of startup fontset to match Emacs 23 behavior. (Modifying Fontsets): New section.
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Jason Rumney
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2009-02-24 Jason Rumney <jasonr@gnu.org>
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* mule.texi (Fontsets): Mention fontset-default, font specs and
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fallback fontsets.
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(Defining Fontsets): Mention ns and w32 variants of
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standard-fontset-spec. Update description of startup fontset to match
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Emacs 23 behavior.
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(Modifying Fontsets): New section.
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2009-02-23 Adrian Robert <Adrian.B.Robert@gmail.com>
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* macos.texi (Mac / GNUstep Basics, Mac / GNUstep Customization):
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@ -1333,8 +1333,10 @@ non-graphic characters.
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A font typically defines shapes for a single alphabet or script.
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Therefore, displaying the entire range of scripts that Emacs supports
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requires a collection of many fonts. In Emacs, such a collection is
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called a @dfn{fontset}. A fontset is defined by a list of fonts, each
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assigned to handle a range of character codes.
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called a @dfn{fontset}. A fontset is defined by a list of font specs,
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each assigned to handle a range of character codes, and may fall back
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on another fontset for characters which are not covered by the fonts
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it specifies.
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Each fontset has a name, like a font. However, while fonts are
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stored in the system and the available font names are defined by the
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@ -1347,11 +1349,15 @@ use for them has no font for those characters.@footnote{The Emacs
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installation instructions have information on additional font
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support.}
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Emacs creates two fontsets automatically: the @dfn{standard fontset}
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and the @dfn{startup fontset}. The standard fontset is most likely to
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have fonts for a wide variety of non-@acronym{ASCII} characters;
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however, this is not the default for Emacs to use. (By default, Emacs
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tries to find a font that has bold and italic variants.) You can
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Emacs creates three fontsets automatically: the @dfn{standard
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fontset}, the @dfn{startup fontset} and the @dfn{default fontset}.
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The default fontset is most likely to have fonts for a wide variety of
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non-@acronym{ASCII} characters and is the default fallback for the
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other two fontsets, and if you set a default font rather than fontset.
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However it does not specify font family names, so results can be
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somewhat random if you use it directly. The standard fontset merely
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falls back on the default fontset without defining any modifications
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of its own, and is defined for backwards compatibility. You can
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specify use of the standard fontset with the @samp{-fn} option. For
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example,
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@ -1373,8 +1379,10 @@ empty box instead.
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@section Defining fontsets
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@vindex standard-fontset-spec
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@vindex w32-standard-fontset-spec
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@vindex ns-standard-fontset-spec
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@cindex standard fontset
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Emacs creates a standard fontset automatically according to the value
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When running on X, Emacs creates a standard fontset automatically according to the value
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of @code{standard-fontset-spec}. This fontset's name is
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@example
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@ -1384,19 +1392,23 @@ of @code{standard-fontset-spec}. This fontset's name is
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@noindent
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or just @samp{fontset-standard} for short.
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On GNUstep and Mac, fontset-standard is created using the value of
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@code{ns-standard-fontset-spec}, and on Windows it is
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created using the value of @code{w32-standard-fontset-spec}.
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Bold, italic, and bold-italic variants of the standard fontset are
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created automatically. Their names have @samp{bold} instead of
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@samp{medium}, or @samp{i} instead of @samp{r}, or both.
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@cindex startup fontset
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If you specify a default @acronym{ASCII} font with the @samp{Font} resource or
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the @samp{-fn} argument, Emacs generates a fontset from it
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automatically. This is the @dfn{startup fontset} and its name is
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@code{fontset-startup}. It does this by replacing the @var{foundry},
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@var{family}, @var{add_style}, and @var{average_width} fields of the
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font name with @samp{*}, replacing @var{charset_registry} field with
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@samp{fontset}, and replacing @var{charset_encoding} field with
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@samp{startup}, then using the resulting string to specify a fontset.
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Emacs generates a fontset automatically, based on any default
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@acronym{ASCII} font that you specify with the @samp{Font} resource or
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the @samp{-fn} argument, or the default font that Emacs found when it
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started. This is the @dfn{startup fontset} and its name is
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@code{fontset-startup}. It does this by replacing the
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@var{charset_registry} field with @samp{fontset}, and replacing
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@var{charset_encoding} field with @samp{startup}, then using the
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resulting string to specify a fontset.
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For instance, if you start Emacs this way,
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@ -1409,9 +1421,14 @@ Emacs generates the following fontset and uses it for the initial X
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window frame:
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@example
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-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-14-140-*-*-*-*-fontset-startup
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-*-courier-medium-r-normal-*-14-140-*-*-*-*-fontset-startup
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@end example
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The startup fontset will use the font that you specify or a variant
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with a different registry and encoding for all the characters which
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are supported by that font, and fallback on @samp{fontset-default} for
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other characters.
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With the X resource @samp{Emacs.Font}, you can specify a fontset name
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just like an actual font name. But be careful not to specify a fontset
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name in a wildcard resource like @samp{Emacs*Font}---that wildcard
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@ -1496,6 +1513,41 @@ call this function explicitly to create a fontset.
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@xref{Font X}, for more information about font naming in X.
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@node Modifying Fontsets
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@section Modifying Fontsets
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@cindex fontsets, modifying
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@findex set-fontset-font
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Fontsets do not always have to be created from scratch. If only
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minor changes are required it may be easier to modify an existing
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fontset. Modifying @samp{fontset-default} will also affect other
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fontsets that use it as a fallback, so can be an effective way of
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fixing problems with the fonts that Emacs chooses for a particular
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script.
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Fontsets can be modified using the function @code{set-fontset-font},
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specifying a character, a charset, a script, or a range of characters
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to modify the font for, and a font-spec for the font to be used. Some
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examples are:
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@example
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;; Use Liberation Mono for latin-3 charset.
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(set-fontset-font "fontset-default" 'iso-8859-3 "Liberation Mono")
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;; Prefer a big5 font for han characters
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(set-fontset-font "fontset-default" 'han (font-spec :registry "big5")
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nil 'prepend)
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;; Use DejaVu Sans Mono as a fallback in fontset-startup before
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;; resorting to fontset-default.
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(set-fontset-font "fontset-startup" nil "DejaVu Sans Mono" nil 'append)
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;; Use MyPrivateFont for the Unicode private use area.
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(set-fontset-font "fontset-default" '(#xe000 . #xf8ff) "MyPrivateFont")
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@end example
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@node Undisplayable Characters
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@section Undisplayable Characters
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