Backtrace after malloc arena is corrupted

Without this change, if the malloc arena is corrupted and then
'backtrace' is called, the backtrace can crash because 'backtrace'
calls 'malloc'.  For more, please see:
https://sourceware.org/ml/libc-alpha/2015-02/msg00678.html
* emacs.c (main): Initialize tables used by 'backtrace'.
* sysdep.c (emacs_backtrace): Document the newly used part of the API.

src/ChangeLog

@@ -1,3 +1,13 @@
+2015-02-25  Paul Eggert  <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
+
+	Backtrace after malloc arena is corrupted
+	Without this change, if the malloc arena is corrupted and then
+	'backtrace' is called, the backtrace can crash because 'backtrace'
+	calls 'malloc'.  For more, please see:
+	https://sourceware.org/ml/libc-alpha/2015-02/msg00678.html
+	* emacs.c (main): Initialize tables used by 'backtrace'.
+	* sysdep.c (emacs_backtrace): Document the newly used part of the API.
+
 2015-02-22  Jan Djärv  <jan.h.d@swipnet.se>
 
 	* nsfns.m (Fx_frame_geometry): New function.

src/emacs.c

@@ -884,6 +884,8 @@ main (int argc, char **argv)
 
   clearerr (stdin);
 
+  emacs_backtrace (-1);
+
 #if !defined SYSTEM_MALLOC && !defined HYBRID_MALLOC
   /* Arrange to get warning messages as memory fills up.  */
   memory_warnings (0, malloc_warning);

src/sysdep.c

@@ -2147,7 +2147,17 @@ snprintf (char *buf, size_t bufsize, char const *format, ...)
 /* If a backtrace is available, output the top lines of it to stderr.
    Do not output more than BACKTRACE_LIMIT or BACKTRACE_LIMIT_MAX lines.
    This function may be called from a signal handler, so it should
-   not invoke async-unsafe functions like malloc.  */
+   not invoke async-unsafe functions like malloc.
+
+   If BACKTRACE_LIMIT is -1, initialize tables that 'backtrace' uses
+   but do not output anything.  This avoids some problems that can
+   otherwise occur if the malloc arena is corrupted before 'backtrace'
+   is called, since 'backtrace' may call malloc if the tables are not
+   initialized.
+
+   If the static variable THREAD_BACKTRACE_NPOINTERS is nonzero, a
+   fatal error has occurred in some other thread; generate a thread
+   backtrace instead, ignoring BACKTRACE_LIMIT.  */
 void
 emacs_backtrace (int backtrace_limit)
 {