emacs-gpu/doc/emacs/xresources.texi

@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
@c Copyright (C) 1987, 1993--1995, 1997, 2001--2026 Free Software
@c Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
@node X Resources
@appendix X Options and Resources

  You can customize some X-related aspects of Emacs behavior using X
resources, as is usual for programs that use X.

  When Emacs is compiled with GTK+ support, the appearance of various
graphical widgets, such as the menu-bar, scroll-bar, and dialog boxes,
is determined by
@ifnottex
GTK+ resources, which we will also describe.
@end ifnottex
@iftex
GTK+ resources.
@end iftex
When Emacs is built without GTK+ support, the appearance of these
widgets is determined by additional X resources.

  On MS-Windows, you can customize some of the same aspects using the
system registry (@pxref{MS-Windows Registry}).

@menu
* Resources::           Using X resources with Emacs (in general).
* Table of Resources::  Table of specific X resources that affect Emacs.
* Lucid Resources::     X resources for Lucid menus.
* Motif Resources::     X resources for Motif and LessTif menus.
* GTK resources::       Resources for GTK+ widgets.
@end menu

@node Resources
@appendixsec X Resources
@cindex resources
@cindex X resources
@cindex @file{~/.Xdefaults} file
@cindex @file{~/.Xresources} file

  Programs running under the X Window System organize their user
options under a hierarchy of classes and resources.  You can specify
default values for these options in your @dfn{X resource file},
usually named @file{~/.Xdefaults} or @file{~/.Xresources}.  Changes in
this file do not take effect immediately, because the X server stores
its own list of resources; to update it, use the command
@command{xrdb}---for instance, @samp{xrdb ~/.Xdefaults}.

  Settings specified via X resources in general override the
equivalent settings in Emacs init files (@pxref{Init File}), in
particular for parameters of the initial frame (@pxref{Frame
Parameters}).

@cindex registry, setting resources (MS-Windows)
  (MS-Windows systems do not support X resource files; on such systems,
Emacs looks for X resources in the Windows Registry, first under the
key @samp{HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\GNU\Emacs}, which affects only
the current user and override the system-wide settings, and then under
the key @samp{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\GNU\Emacs}, which affects
all users of the system.  The menu and scroll bars are native widgets
on MS-Windows, so they are only customizable via the system-wide
settings in the Display Control Panel.  You can also set resources
using the @samp{-xrm} command line option, as explained below.)

  Each line in the X resource file specifies a value for one option or
for a collection of related options.  The order in which the lines
appear in the file does not matter.  Each resource specification
consists of a @dfn{program name} and a @dfn{resource name}.  Case
distinctions are significant in each of these names.  Here is an
example:

@example
emacs.cursorColor: dark green
@end example

  The program name is the name of the executable file to which the
resource applies.  For Emacs, this is normally @samp{emacs}.  To
specify a definition that applies to all instances of Emacs,
regardless of the name of the Emacs executable, use @samp{Emacs}.

  The resource name is the name of a program setting.  For instance,
Emacs recognizes a @samp{cursorColor} resource that controls the color
of the text cursor.

  Resources are grouped into named classes.  For instance, the
@samp{Foreground} class contains the @samp{cursorColor},
@samp{foreground} and @samp{pointerColor} resources (@pxref{Table of
Resources}).  Instead of using a resource name, you can use a class
name to specify the default value for all resources in that class,
like this:

@example
emacs.Foreground: dark green
@end example

  Emacs does not process X resources at all if you set the variable
@code{inhibit-x-resources} to a non-@code{nil} value.  If you invoke
Emacs with the @samp{-Q} (or @samp{--quick}) command-line option,
@code{inhibit-x-resources} is automatically set to @code{t}
(@pxref{Initial Options}).

@ifnottex
  In addition, you can use the following command-line options to
override the X resources file:

@table @samp
@item -name @var{name}
@opindex --name
@itemx --name=@var{name}
@cindex resource name, command-line argument
This option sets the program name of the initial Emacs frame to
@var{name}.  It also sets the title of the initial frame to
@var{name}.  This option does not affect subsequent frames.

If you don't specify this option, the default is to use the Emacs
executable's name as the program name.

For consistency, @samp{-name} also specifies the name to use for other
resource values that do not belong to any particular frame.

The resources that name Emacs invocations also belong to a class,
named @samp{Emacs}.  If you write @samp{Emacs} instead of
@samp{emacs}, the resource applies to all frames in all Emacs jobs,
regardless of frame titles and regardless of the name of the
executable file.

@item -xrm @var{resource-value}
@opindex --xrm
@itemx --xrm=@var{resource-value}
@cindex resource values, command-line argument
This option specifies X resource values for the present Emacs job.

@var{resource-value} should have the same format that you would use
inside a file of X resources.  Several @samp{-xrm} options are
possible to include multiple resource specifications.  You can also
use @samp{#include "@var{filename}"} as @var{resource-value} to
include a file full of resource specifications.  Resource values
specified with @samp{-xrm} take precedence over all other resource
specifications.
@end table
@end ifnottex

@node Table of Resources
@appendixsec Table of X Resources for Emacs

  The table below lists the X resource names that Emacs recognizes.
Note that some of the resources have no effect in Emacs compiled with
various X toolkits (GTK+, Lucid, etc.)---we indicate below when this
is the case.

@table @asis
@item @code{alpha} (class @code{Alpha})
Sets the @samp{alpha} frame parameter, determining frame transparency
(@pxref{Frame Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}).

@item @code{alphaBackground} (class @code{AlphaBackground})
Sets the @samp{alpha-background} frame parameter, determining background
transparency
(@pxref{Frame Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}).

@item @code{background} (class @code{Background})
Background color (@pxref{Colors}).

@item @code{bitmapIcon} (class @code{BitmapIcon})
Tell the window manager to display the Emacs icon if @samp{on}; don't
do so if @samp{off}.  @xref{Icons X}, for a description of the icon.

@ifnottex
@item @code{borderColor} (class @code{BorderColor})
Color of the frame's external border.  This has no effect if Emacs is
compiled with GTK+ support.

@item @code{borderWidth} (class @code{BorderWidth})
Width of the frame's external border, in pixels.  This has no effect
if Emacs is compiled with GTK+ support.
@end ifnottex

@item @code{cursorBlink} (class @code{CursorBlink})
If the value of this resource is @samp{off} or @samp{false} or
@samp{0} at startup, Emacs disables Blink Cursor mode (@pxref{Cursor
Display}).

@item @code{cursorColor} (class @code{Foreground})
Text cursor color.  If this resource is specified when Emacs starts
up, Emacs sets its value as the background color of the @code{cursor}
face (@pxref{Faces}).

@item @code{font} (class @code{Font})
Font name for the @code{default} face (@pxref{Fonts}).  You can also
specify a fontset name (@pxref{Fontsets}).

@item @code{fontBackend} (class @code{FontBackend})
Comma-delimited list of backend(s) to use for drawing fonts, in order
of precedence.  For instance, the value @samp{x,xft} tells Emacs to
draw fonts using the X core font driver, falling back on the Xft font
driver if that fails.  Normally, you should leave this resource unset,
in which case Emacs tries using all available font backends.

@item @code{foreground} (class @code{Foreground})
Default foreground color for text.

@item @code{fullscreen} (class @code{Fullscreen})
The desired fullscreen size.  The value can be one of @code{fullboth},
@code{maximized}, @code{fullwidth} or @code{fullheight}, which
correspond to the command-line options @samp{-fs}, @samp{-mm},
@samp{-fw}, and @samp{-fh} (@pxref{Window Size X}).  Note that this
applies to the initial frame only.

@item @code{geometry} (class @code{Geometry})
Window size and position.  The value should be a size and position
specification, of the same form as in the @samp{-g} or
@samp{--geometry} command-line option (@pxref{Window Size X}).

The size applies to all frames in the Emacs session, but the position
applies only to the initial Emacs frame (or, in the case of a resource
for a specific frame name, only that frame).

Be careful not to specify this resource as @samp{emacs*geometry}, as
that may affect individual menus as well as the main Emacs frame.

@ifnottex
@item @code{horizontalScrollBars} (class @code{ScrollBars})
If the value of this resource is @samp{off} or @samp{false} or
@samp{0}, Emacs disables Horizontal Scroll Bar mode at startup
(@pxref{Scroll Bars}).

@item @code{iconName} (class @code{Title})
Name to display in the icon.

@item @code{internalBorder} (class @code{BorderWidth})
Width of the internal frame border, in pixels.
@end ifnottex

@item @code{lineSpacing} (class @code{LineSpacing})
@cindex line spacing (X resource)
Additional space between lines, in pixels.

@ifnottex
@item @code{menuBackground} (class @code{Background})
@cindex background for menus (X resource)
The background color of the menus in non-toolkit versions of Emacs.
(For toolkit versions, see @ref{Lucid Resources}, also see @ref{Motif
Resources}, and see @ref{GTK resources}.)
@end ifnottex

@item @code{menuBar} (class @code{MenuBar})
@cindex menu bar (X resource)
If the value of this resource is @samp{off} or @samp{false} or
@samp{0}, Emacs disables Menu Bar mode at startup (@pxref{Menu Bars}).

@ifnottex
@item @code{minibuffer} (class @code{Minibuffer})
If @samp{none}, Emacs will not make a minibuffer in this frame; it
will use a separate minibuffer frame instead.

@item @code{paneFont} (class @code{Font})
@cindex font for menus (X resource)
Font name for menu pane titles, in non-toolkit versions of Emacs.
(For toolkit versions, see @ref{Lucid Resources}, also see @ref{Motif
Resources}, and see @ref{GTK resources}.)

@item @code{paneForeground} (class @code{Foreground})
@cindex foreground for menus (X resource)
Foreground color for menu pane titles, in non-toolkit versions of
Emacs.  (For toolkit versions, see @ref{Lucid Resources}, also see
@ref{Motif Resources}, and see @ref{GTK resources}.)
@end ifnottex

@item @code{pointerColor} (class @code{Foreground})
Color of the mouse cursor.  This has no effect in many graphical
desktop environments, as they do not let Emacs change the mouse cursor
this way.

@ifnottex
@item @code{privateColormap} (class @code{PrivateColormap})
If @samp{on}, use a private color map, in the case where the default
visual of class PseudoColor and Emacs is using it.

@item @code{reverseVideo} (class @code{ReverseVideo})
Switch foreground and background default colors if @samp{on}, use colors as
specified if @samp{off}.

@item @code{screenGamma} (class @code{ScreenGamma})
@cindex gamma correction (X resource)
Gamma correction for colors, equivalent to the frame parameter
@code{screen-gamma}.

@item @code{scrollBar} (class @code{ScrollBar})
@cindex scroll bar (X resource)
If the value of this resource is @samp{off} or @samp{false} or
@samp{0}, Emacs disables Scroll Bar mode at startup (@pxref{Scroll Bars}).

@item @code{scrollBarWidth} (class @code{ScrollBarWidth})
@cindex scrollbar width (X resource)
The scroll bar width in pixels, equivalent to the frame parameter
@code{scroll-bar-width}.  Do not set this resource if Emacs is
compiled with GTK+ support.
@end ifnottex

@ifnottex
@item @code{selectionFont} (class @code{SelectionFont})
Font name for pop-up menu items, in non-toolkit versions of Emacs.  (For
toolkit versions, see @ref{Lucid Resources}, also see @ref{Motif
Resources}, and see @ref{GTK resources}.)

@item @code{selectionForeground} (class @code{SelectionForeground})
Foreground color for pop-up menu items, in non-toolkit versions of
Emacs.  (For toolkit versions, see @ref{Lucid Resources}, also see
@ref{Motif Resources}, and see @ref{GTK resources}.)

@item @code{selectionTimeout} (class @code{SelectionTimeout})
Number of milliseconds to wait for a selection reply.
If the selection owner doesn't reply in this time, we give up.
A value of 0 means wait as long as necessary.

@item @code{synchronous} (class @code{Synchronous})
@cindex debugging X problems
@cindex synchronous X mode
Run Emacs in synchronous mode if @samp{on}.  Synchronous mode is
useful for debugging X problems.
@end ifnottex

@item @code{title} (class @code{Title})
Name to display in the title bar of the initial Emacs frame.

@item @code{toolBar} (class @code{ToolBar})
@cindex tool bar (X resource)
If the value of this resource is @samp{off} or @samp{false} or
@samp{0}, Emacs disables Tool Bar mode at startup (@pxref{Tool Bars}).

@item @code{tabBar} (class @code{TabBar})
@cindex tab bar (X resource)
If the value of this resource is @samp{on} or @samp{yes} or
@samp{1}, Emacs enables Tab Bar mode at startup (@pxref{Tab Bars}).

@item @code{useXIM} (class @code{UseXIM})
@cindex XIM (X resource)
@cindex X input methods (X resource)
@cindex input methods, X
Disable use of X input methods (XIM) if @samp{false} or @samp{off}.
This is only relevant if your Emacs is built with XIM support.  It
might be useful to turn off XIM on slow X client/server links.

@item @code{inputStyle} (class @code{InputStyle})
@cindex inputStyle (X resource)
@cindex input method style, X
This resource controls how preview text generated by X input methods
is displayed.  Its value can be on of the following:

@table @samp
@item callback
Display the contents of the preview text in the current buffer.

@item offthespot
Display the preview text inside a separate area of the display
provided by Emacs.

@item overthespot
Display the preview text inside a popup window at the location of
point in the current window.

@item none
Let the input method decide how to display itself.  This is usually
equivalent to @samp{overthespot}, but it might work with more input
methods.

@item native
Use the toolkit for handling input methods.  This is currently
implemented only on GTK.

@item root
Use some location on display specific to the input method for
displaying the preview text.
@end table

@item @code{synchronizeResize} (class @code{SynchronizeResize})
If @samp{off} or @samp{false}, Emacs will not try to tell the window
manager when it has finished redrawing the display in response to a
frame being resized.  Otherwise, the window manager will postpone
drawing a frame that was just resized until its contents are updated,
which prevents blank areas of a frame that have not yet been painted
from being displayed.  If set to @samp{extended}, it will enable use
of an alternative frame synchronization protocol, which might be
supported by some compositing window managers that don't support the
protocol Emacs uses by default, and causes Emacs to synchronize
display with the monitor refresh rate when a compatible compositing
window manager is in use.

@item @code{verticalScrollBars} (class @code{ScrollBars})
Give frames scroll bars on the left if @samp{left}, on the right if
@samp{right}; don't have scroll bars if @samp{off} (@pxref{Scroll Bars}).

@ifnottex
@item @code{visualClass} (class @code{VisualClass})
The @dfn{visual class} for X color display.  If specified, the value
should start with one of @samp{TrueColor}, @samp{PseudoColor},
@samp{DirectColor}, @samp{StaticColor}, @samp{GrayScale}, and
@samp{StaticGray}, followed by @samp{-@var{depth}}, where @var{depth}
is the number of color planes.
@end ifnottex
@end table

  You can also use X resources to customize individual Emacs faces
(@pxref{Faces}).  For example, setting the resource
@samp{@var{face}.attributeForeground} is equivalent to customizing the
@samp{foreground} attribute of the face @var{face}.  However, we
recommend customizing faces from within Emacs, instead of using X
resources.  @xref{Face Customization}.

@ifnottex
@node Lucid Resources
@appendixsec Lucid Menu And Dialog X Resources
@cindex Menu X Resources (Lucid widgets)
@cindex Dialog X Resources (Lucid widgets)
@cindex Lucid Widget X Resources

  If Emacs is compiled with the X toolkit support using Lucid widgets,
you can use X resources to customize the appearance of the menu bar
(@pxref{Menu Bar}), pop-up menus, and dialog boxes (@pxref{Dialog
Boxes}).  The resources for the menu bar fall in the
@samp{pane.menubar} class (following, as always, either the name of
the Emacs executable or @samp{Emacs} for all Emacs invocations).  The
resources for the pop-up menu are in the @samp{menu*} class.  The
resources for dialog boxes are in the @samp{dialog*} class.

  For example, to display menu bar entries with the @samp{Courier-12}
font (@pxref{Fonts}), write this:

@example
Emacs.pane.menubar.font: Courier-12
@end example

@noindent
Lucid widgets can display multilingual text in your locale.  To enable
this, specify a @code{fontSet} resource instead of a @code{font}
resource.  @xref{Fontsets}.  If both @code{font} and @code{fontSet}
resources are specified, the @code{fontSet} resource is used.

Here is a list of resources for menu bars, pop-up menus, and dialogs:

@table @code
@item font
Font for menu item text.
@item fontSet
Fontset for menu item text.
@item background
Background color.
@item buttonForeground
Foreground color for a selected item.
@item foreground
Foreground color.
@item disabledForeground
Foreground color for a disabled menu item.
@item highlightForeground
Foreground color for a menu item highlighted by the mouse or key
navigation.
@item highlightBackground
Background color for a menu item highlighted by the mouse or key
navigation.
@ifnottex
@item horizontalSpacing
Horizontal spacing in pixels between items.  Default is 3.
@item verticalSpacing
Vertical spacing in pixels between items.  Default is 2.
@item arrowSpacing
Horizontal spacing between the arrow (which indicates a submenu) and
the associated text.  Default is 10.
@item shadowThickness
Thickness of shadow lines for 3D buttons, arrows, and other graphical
elements.  Default is 1.
@item borderThickness
Thickness of the external borders of the menu bars and pop-up menus.
Default is 1.
@item cursor
Name of the cursor to use in the menu bars and pop-up menus.  Default
is @code{"right_ptr"}.
@end ifnottex
@item margin
Margin of the menu bar, in characters.  Default is 1.
@end table

@node Motif Resources
@appendixsec Motif Menu X Resources
@cindex Menu X Resources (Motif widgets)
@cindex Motif Widget X Resources

  If Emacs is compiled with the X toolkit support using Motif or
LessTif widgets, you can use X resources to customize the appearance
of the menu bar (@pxref{Menu Bar}), pop-up menus, and dialog boxes
(@pxref{Dialog Boxes}).  However, the resources are organized
differently from Lucid widgets.

  The resource names for the menu bar are in the @samp{pane.menubar}
class, and they must be specified in this form:

@smallexample
Emacs.pane.menubar.@var{subwidget}.@var{resource}: @var{value}
@end smallexample

@noindent
For pop-up menus, the resources are in the @samp{menu*} class, instead
of @samp{pane.menubar}.  For dialog boxes, they are in @samp{dialog}.
In each case, each individual menu string is a subwidget; the
subwidget's name is the same as the menu item string.  For example,
the @samp{File} menu in the menu bar is a subwidget named
@samp{emacs.pane.menubar.File}.

  Typically, you want to specify the same resources for the whole menu
bar.  To do this, use @samp{*} instead of a specific subwidget name.
For example, to specify the font @samp{8x16} for all menu bar items,
including submenus, write this:

@smallexample
Emacs.pane.menubar.*.fontList: 8x16
@end smallexample

  Each item in a submenu also has its own name for X resources; for
example, the @samp{File} submenu has an item named @samp{Save (current
buffer)}.  A resource specification for a submenu item looks like
this:

@smallexample
Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.@var{menu}.@var{item}.@var{resource}: @var{value}
@end smallexample

@noindent
For example, here's how to specify the font for the @samp{Save (current
buffer)} item:

@smallexample
Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.File.Save (current buffer).fontList: 8x16
@end smallexample

@noindent
For an item in a second-level submenu, such as @samp{Complete Word}
under @samp{Spell Checking} under @samp{Tools}, the resource fits this
template:

@smallexample
Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.popup_*.@var{menu}.@var{resource}: @var{value}
@end smallexample

@noindent
For example,

@smallexample
Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.popup_*.Spell Checking.Complete Word: @var{value}
@end smallexample

@noindent
(This should be one long line.)

  If you want the submenu items to look different from the menu bar
itself, you must first specify the resource for all of them, then
override the value for submenus alone.  Here is an example:

@smallexample
Emacs.pane.menubar.*.fontList: 9x18
Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.fontList: 8x16
@end smallexample

  To specify resources for the LessTif file-selection box, use
@samp{fsb*}, like this:

@example
Emacs.fsb*.fontList: 8x16
@end example

  Here is a list of resources for LessTif menu bars and pop-up menus:

@table @code
@item armColor
The color to show in an armed button.
@item fontList
The font to use.
@item marginBottom
@itemx marginHeight
@itemx marginLeft
@itemx marginRight
@itemx marginTop
@itemx marginWidth
Amount of space to leave around the item, within the border.
@item borderWidth
The width of the border around the menu item, on all sides.
@item shadowThickness
The width of the border shadow.
@item bottomShadowColor
The color for the border shadow, on the bottom and the right.
@item topShadowColor
The color for the border shadow, on the top and the left.
@end table
@end ifnottex

@node GTK resources
@appendixsec GTK+ resources
@cindex GTK+ resources
@cindex resource files for GTK+
@cindex @file{~/.gtkrc-2.0} file
@cindex @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc} file

  If Emacs is compiled with GTK+ toolkit support, the simplest way to
customize its GTK+ widgets (e.g., menus, dialogs, tool bars and
scroll bars) is to choose an appropriate GTK+ theme, for example with
the GNOME theme selector.

  In GTK+ version 2, you can also use @dfn{GTK+ resources} to
customize the appearance of GTK+ widgets used by Emacs.  These
resources are specified in either the file @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc}
(for Emacs-specific GTK+ resources), or @file{~/.gtkrc-2.0} (for
general GTK+ resources).  We recommend using @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc},
since GTK+ seems to ignore @file{~/.gtkrc-2.0} when running GConf with
GNOME@.  Note, however, that some GTK+ themes may override
customizations in @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc}; there is nothing we can do
about this.  GTK+ resources do not affect aspects of Emacs unrelated
to GTK+ widgets, such as fonts and colors in the main Emacs window;
those are governed by normal X resources (@pxref{Resources}).

  The following sections describe how to customize GTK+ resources for
Emacs.  For details about GTK+ resources, see the GTK+ API document at
@uref{https://developer-old.gnome.org/gtk2/stable/gtk2-Resource-Files.html}.

  In GTK+ version 3, GTK+ resources have been replaced by a completely
different system.  The appearance of GTK+ widgets is now determined by
CSS-like style files: @file{gtk-3.0/gtk.css} in the GTK+ installation
directory, and @file{~/.themes/@var{theme}/gtk-3.0/gtk.css} for local
style settings (where @var{theme} is the name of the current GTK+
theme).  Therefore, the description of GTK+ resources in this section
does not apply to GTK+ 3.  For details about the GTK+ 3 styling
system, see
@uref{https://developer-old.gnome.org/gtk3/3.0/GtkCssProvider.html}.

@menu
* GTK Resource Basics::   Basic usage of GTK+ resources.
* GTK Widget Names::      How GTK+ widgets are named.
* GTK Names in Emacs::    GTK+ widgets used by Emacs.
* GTK styles::            What can be customized in a GTK+ widget.
@end menu

@node GTK Resource Basics
@appendixsubsec GTK+ Resource Basics

  In a GTK+ 2 resource file (usually @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc}), the
simplest kind of a resource setting simply assigns a value to a
variable.  For example, putting the following line in the resource
file changes the font on all GTK+ widgets to @samp{courier-12}:

@smallexample
gtk-font-name = "courier 12"
@end smallexample

@noindent
Note that in this case the font name must be supplied as a GTK font
pattern (also called a @dfn{Pango font name}), not as a
Fontconfig-style font name or XLFD@.  @xref{Fonts}.

  To customize widgets you first define a @dfn{style}, and then apply
the style to the widgets.  Here is an example that sets the font for
menus (@samp{#} characters indicate comments):

@smallexample
# @r{Define the style @samp{my_style}.}
style "my_style"
@{
  font_name = "helvetica bold 14"
@}

# @r{Specify that widget type @samp{*emacs-menuitem*} uses @samp{my_style}.}
widget "*emacs-menuitem*" style "my_style"
@end smallexample

@noindent
The widget name in this example contains wildcards, so the style is
applied to all widgets matching @samp{*emacs-menuitem*}.  The widgets
are named by the way they are contained, from the outer widget to the
inner widget.  Here is another example that applies @samp{my_style}
specifically to the Emacs menu bar:

@smallexample
widget "Emacs.pane.menubar.*" style "my_style"
@end smallexample

  Here is a more elaborate example, showing how to change the parts of
the scroll bar:

@smallexample
style "scroll"
@{
  fg[NORMAL] = "red"@ @ @ @ @ # @r{Arrow color.}
  bg[NORMAL] = "yellow"@ @ # @r{Thumb and background around arrow.}
  bg[ACTIVE] = "blue"@ @ @ @ # @r{Trough color.}
  bg[PRELIGHT] = "white"@ # @r{Thumb color when the mouse is over it.}
@}

widget "*verticalScrollBar*" style "scroll"
@end smallexample

@node GTK Widget Names
@appendixsubsec GTK+ widget names
@cindex GTK+ widget names

  A GTK+ widget is specified by a @dfn{widget name} and a @dfn{widget
class}.  The widget name refers to a specific widget
(e.g., @samp{emacs-menuitem}), while the widget class refers to a
collection of similar widgets (e.g., @samp{GtkMenuItem}).  A widget
always has a class, but need not have a name.

  @dfn{Absolute names} are sequences of widget names or widget
classes, corresponding to hierarchies of widgets embedded within
other widgets.  For example, if a @code{GtkWindow} named @code{top}
contains a @code{GtkVBox} named @code{box}, which in turn contains
a @code{GtkMenuBar} called @code{menubar}, the absolute class name
of the menu-bar widget is @code{GtkWindow.GtkVBox.GtkMenuBar}, and
its absolute widget name is @code{top.box.menubar}.

  GTK+ resource files can contain two types of commands for specifying
widget appearances:

@table @code
@item widget
specifies a style for widgets based on the class name, or just the
class.

@item widget_class
specifies a style for widgets based on the class name.
@end table

@noindent
See the previous subsection for examples of using the @code{widget}
command; the @code{widget_class} command is used similarly.  Note that
the widget name/class and the style must be enclosed in double-quotes,
and these commands must be at the top level in the GTK+ resource file.

  As previously noted, you may specify a widget name or class with
shell wildcard syntax: @samp{*} matches zero or more characters and
@samp{?} matches one character.  This example assigns a style to all
widgets:

@smallexample
widget "*" style "my_style"
@end smallexample

@node GTK Names in Emacs
@appendixsubsec GTK+ Widget Names in Emacs
@cindex GTK+ widget names in Emacs
@cindex GTK+ widget classes

  The GTK+ widgets used by an Emacs frame are listed below:

@table @asis
@item @code{Emacs} (class @code{GtkWindow})
@table @asis
@item @code{pane} (class @code{GtkVBox})
@table @asis
@item @code{menubar} (class @code{GtkMenuBar})
@table @asis
@item [menu item widgets]
@end table
@item [unnamed widget] (class @code{GtkHandleBox})
@table @asis
@item @code{emacs-toolbar} (class @code{GtkToolbar})
@table @asis
@item [tool bar item widgets]
@end table
@end table
@item @code{emacs} (class @code{GtkFixed})
@table @asis
@item @code{verticalScrollBar} (class @code{GtkVScrollbar})
@end table
@end table
@end table
@end table

@noindent
The contents of Emacs windows are drawn in the @code{emacs} widget.
Note that even if there are multiple Emacs windows, each scroll bar
widget is named @code{verticalScrollBar}.

  For example, here are two different ways to set the menu bar style:

@smallexample
widget "Emacs.pane.menubar.*" style "my_style"
widget_class "GtkWindow.GtkVBox.GtkMenuBar.*" style "my_style"
@end smallexample

  For GTK+ dialogs, Emacs uses a widget named @code{emacs-dialog}, of
class @code{GtkDialog}.  For file selection, Emacs uses a widget named
@code{emacs-filedialog}, of class @code{GtkFileSelection}.

  Because the widgets for pop-up menus and dialogs are free-standing
windows and not contained in the @code{Emacs} widget, their GTK+
absolute names do not start with @samp{Emacs}.  To customize these
widgets, use wildcards like this:

@smallexample
widget "*emacs-dialog*" style "my_dialog_style"
widget "*emacs-filedialog* style "my_file_style"
widget "*emacs-menuitem* style "my_menu_style"
@end smallexample

  If you want to apply a style to all menus in Emacs, use this:

@smallexample
widget_class "*Menu*" style "my_menu_style"
@end smallexample

@node GTK styles
@appendixsubsec GTK+ styles
@cindex GTK+ styles

  Here is an example of two GTK+ style declarations:

@smallexample
pixmap_path "/usr/share/pixmaps:/usr/include/X11/pixmaps"

style "default"
@{
  font_name = "helvetica 12"

  bg[NORMAL] = @{ 0.83, 0.80, 0.73 @}
  bg[SELECTED] = @{ 0.0, 0.55, 0.55 @}
  bg[INSENSITIVE] = @{ 0.77, 0.77, 0.66 @}
  bg[ACTIVE] = @{ 0.0, 0.55, 0.55 @}
  bg[PRELIGHT] = @{ 0.0, 0.55, 0.55 @}

  fg[NORMAL] = "black"
  fg[SELECTED] = @{ 0.9, 0.9, 0.9 @}
  fg[ACTIVE] = "black"
  fg[PRELIGHT] = @{ 0.9, 0.9, 0.9 @}

  base[INSENSITIVE] = "#777766"
  text[INSENSITIVE] = @{ 0.60, 0.65, 0.57 @}

  bg_pixmap[NORMAL] = "background.xpm"
  bg_pixmap[INSENSITIVE] = "background.xpm"
  bg_pixmap[ACTIVE] = "background.xpm"
  bg_pixmap[PRELIGHT] = "<none>"

@}

style "ruler" = "default"
@{
  font_name = "helvetica 8"
@}

@end smallexample

  The style @samp{ruler} inherits from @samp{default}.  This way you can build
on existing styles.  The syntax for fonts and colors is described below.

  As this example shows, it is possible to specify several values for
foreground and background depending on the widget's @dfn{state}.  The
possible states are:

@table @code
@item NORMAL
This is the default state for widgets.

@item ACTIVE
This is the state for a widget that is ready to do something.  It is
also for the trough of a scroll bar, i.e., @code{bg[ACTIVE] = "red"}
sets the scroll bar trough to red.  Buttons that have been armed
(pressed but not released yet) are in this state.

@item PRELIGHT
This is the state for a widget that can be manipulated, when the mouse
pointer is over it---for example when the mouse is over the thumb in
the scroll bar or over a menu item.  When the mouse is over a button
that is not pressed, the button is in this state.

@item SELECTED
This is the state for data that has been selected by the user.  It can
be selected text or items selected in a list.  This state is not used
in Emacs.

@item INSENSITIVE
This is the state for widgets that are visible, but they cannot be
manipulated in the usual way---for example, buttons that can't be
pressed, and disabled menu items.  To display disabled menu items in
yellow, use @code{fg[INSENSITIVE] = "yellow"}.
@end table

  Here are the things that can go in a style declaration:

@table @code
@item bg[@var{state}] = @var{color}
This specifies the background color for the widget.  Note that
editable text doesn't use @code{bg}; it uses @code{base} instead.

@item base[@var{state}] = @var{color}
This specifies the background color for editable text.  In Emacs, this
color is used for the background of the text fields in the file
dialog.

@item bg_pixmap[@var{state}] = "@var{pixmap}"
This specifies an image background (instead of a background color).
@var{pixmap} should be the image file name.  GTK+ can use a number of
image file formats, including XPM, XBM, GIF, JPEG and PNG@.  If you
want a widget to use the same image as its parent, use
@samp{<parent>}.  If you don't want any image, use @samp{<none>}.
@samp{<none>} is the way to cancel a background image inherited from a
parent style.

You can't specify the file by its absolute file name.  GTK+ looks for
the pixmap file in directories specified in @code{pixmap_path}.
@code{pixmap_path} is a colon-separated list of directories within
double quotes, specified at the top level in a @file{gtkrc} file
(i.e., not inside a style definition; see example above):

@smallexample
pixmap_path "/usr/share/pixmaps:/usr/include/X11/pixmaps"
@end smallexample

@item fg[@var{state}] = @var{color}
This specifies the foreground color for widgets to use.  It is the
color of text in menus and buttons, and the color for the arrows in
the scroll bar.  For editable text, use @code{text}.

@item text[@var{state}] = @var{color}
This is the color for editable text.  In Emacs, this color is used for the
text fields in the file dialog.

@item font_name = "@var{font}"
This specifies the font for text in the widget.  @var{font} is a
GTK-style (or Pango) font name, like @samp{Sans Italic 10}.
@xref{Fonts}.  The names are case insensitive.
@end table

  There are three ways to specify a color: a color name, an RGB
triplet, or a GTK-style RGB triplet.  @xref{Colors}, for a description
of color names and RGB triplets.  Color names should be enclosed with
double quotes, e.g., @samp{"red"}.  RGB triplets should be written
without double quotes, e.g., @samp{#ff0000}.  GTK-style RGB triplets
have the form @w{@code{@{ @var{r}, @var{g}, @var{b} @}}}, where
@var{r}, @var{g} and @var{b} are either integers in the range 0--65535
or floats in the range 0.0--1.0.